Impact of Socio-Psychological Factors on (Productivity by Land and the Land Management Practices) Influences in Arid Areas

ABSTRACT
The major challenges Pakistan faces in the 21st century are agriculture production and food insecurity. The less availability of water can hamper crop production which in turn can give rise to the issue of food insecurity. Pakistan is one of the world’s most arid countries with 250mm of precipitation yearly, utilizing almost 94% of water in agriculture. Pakistan is not utilizing its resources efficiently through the modern means of irrigation. Climate change has brought a huge change in the form of risks and vulnerabilities in arid and semi-arid areas. The arid and semi-arid regions are known for their aggressive environmental conditions that usually comprise little unpredictable rainfalls, soaring wind velocity, soaring prospective Evapotranspiration, and acute solar emission. The researcher addressed contradictory results in a variety of empirical investigations by using meta-analysis, a method that is frequently utilized in research. By applying a systematic approach, they collected various articles pertinent to the subject of study. To find original papers relevant to the research, the first stage in the meta-analysis procedure was to create a mental map of the metadata. This study used a two-stage technique the following strategy. First, relevant databases had to be gathered; then, references in the body of current literature had to be examined to conclude. The study analyzed socio-psychological factors affecting land productivity. The psychological factors highlighted were the attitude of farmers towards risky situations. It was indicated that farmers make an attitude based on perceived usefulness and easiness regarding certain agricultural practices and that attitude influences productivity. The findings indicated that to promote land management practices various strategies should be designed to improve awareness and build a positive attitude in farmers to promote productivity.